Orbital ATK launched an upgraded Antares rocket early Monday from Wallops Island, Virginia, to deliver more than 3 tons of crew supplies, science gear, spare parts and three small satellites to the International Space Station to test miniaturized, low-cost technologies for Earth observation applications.
The experiments headed for orbit include a quantum physics study that will attempt to cool atoms to a billionth of a degree above absolute zero, another to test a novel technique for separating liquids and one devoted to learning more about how concrete settles in the absence of gravity.
“A lot of time when I’m asked what’s the research that I do, and I just say simply concrete, people give me a blank look and say they don’t give a Ph.D. for concrete research. Well, yes, they do!” said Aleksandra Radlinska, principal investigator for the Microgravity Investigation of Cement Solidification, or MICS, experiment at Pennsylvania State University.
An Orbital ATK Antares rocket was hauled to its launch pad at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport – MARS – at NASA’s Wallops Island, Va., flight facility late last week and erected for launch Monday to boost a Cygnus cargo ship into space for a flight to the International Space Station.
NASA
“Because we are looking into colonizing space, we want to go to the moon and deep space beyond and we will need shelters for the human mission. We will need to protect equipment from the radiation effects and impacts they could experience. We need to find a way to produce these shelters and produce a safe environment for humans or instruments,” Radlinska said.
Despite decades of research, she said, “we still don’t understand the process completely.”
“For every person sitting in this room, there’s one ton of concrete being produced and consumed every year,” she said during a briefing Saturday. “And every ton of concrete is responsible for emission of approximately 0.8 tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. We really need to understand much better what is happening with this material.”
An Orbital ATK Cygnus cargo ship berthed to the International Space Station (file photo).
NASA
Forecasters had predicted a 65 percent change of favorable weather, and the Antares rocket made its liftoff from pad 0A at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport — MARS — at NASA’s Wallops Island facility at before dawn on Monday. Launch originally was planned for Sunday but was delayed one day due to weather and additional inspections.
It was Orbital ATK’s ninth launch of a Cygnus cargo ship under an 11-flight contract with NASA that is expected to total $2.89 billion, or $262.6 million per flight, according to NASA’s inspector general. The company also holds a follow-on contract for at least six resupply missions at an as-yet-unspecified cost.
SpaceX also holds NASA contracts for commercial resupply totaling $3.04 billion for 20 flights, or an average of $152.1 million per flight. Each company has suffered a resupply launch failure, with SpaceX losing a Falcon 9 rocket and Dragon cargo ship in June 2015, eight months after an Antares failure seconds after liftoff in October 2014.
With the upgraded Antares 230’s on-schedule departure Monday, the Cygnus cargo ship should execute an autonomous rendezvous, catching up with the station early Thursday. The lab’s robot arm then will be used to capture the spacecraft and pull it in for berthing at the central Unity module’s Earth-facing port.
The astronauts will unload the cargo ship and re-pack it with trash and no-longer-needed equipment. If all goes well, the Cygnus will be unberthed and released from the station in mid-July. Another six small “cubesats” will be deployed before the spacecraft plunges back into the atmosphere and burns up.
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